What is the risk of neglecting compartment syndrome?

Neglecting compartment syndrome poses a significant risk of potential permanent muscle and nerve damage due to the increased pressure within a closed anatomical space, which inhibits blood flow and reduces oxygen supply to the tissues. When compartment syndrome occurs, typically as a result of trauma, swelling, or bleeding, the increased pressure may lead to ischemia, where muscle and nerve tissues become deprived of adequate blood flow.

If recognized and treated early, the outcomes can be significantly improved, often allowing recovery of muscle function and nerve integrity. However, if treatment is delayed, the prolonged absence of oxygen can result in irreversible damage. Muscles may undergo necrosis, and nerves may suffer from neuropathy, leading to long-term functional deficits. Thus, urgent intervention, often requiring surgical fasciotomy to relieve the pressure, is crucial to prevent these severe complications.