What is the primary treatment for compartment syndrome?

The primary treatment for compartment syndrome is fasciotomy. Compartment syndrome occurs when pressures within a closed anatomical space, often due to swelling or bleeding, increase to the point that they compromise circulation and function of the tissues within that compartment. This condition typically necessitates prompt intervention to prevent irreversible muscle and nerve damage.

A fasciotomy involves making incisions in the fascia, which is the connective tissue that surrounds muscle compartments, to relieve the pressure. By opening up the compartment, this procedure allows for the normalization of pressure, restores blood flow, and helps in preventing the complications associated with prolonged compartment syndrome, such as muscle necrosis or permanent functional impairment.

Other treatments, such as antibiotics, immobilization and rest, or application of ice packs, do not address the underlying issue of excessive pressure within the compartment. Antibiotics are used for treatment of infections, immobilization and rest may help in minor injuries, and ice packs can reduce swelling but will not suffice in addressing the critical need to relieve pressure in cases of compartment syndrome. Thus, fasciotomy stands out as the definitive surgical intervention required in these situations.