What are potential complications of untreated fractures?

Untreated fractures can lead to significant complications that impact both healing and overall function. The correct answer highlights three critical complications: non-union, malunion, and infections.

Non-union occurs when the fractured bone ends do not heal together, often due to inadequate blood supply, serious displacement, or instability at the fracture site. As a result, the patient may experience ongoing pain and the inability to use the affected limb normally.

Malunion happens when a fracture heals in an incorrect position, leading to deformities or mechanical issues. This can result in impaired functionality, further complications, and aesthetic concerns, as the alignment of the bones is crucial for proper movement and load-bearing.

Infections can arise, especially in open fractures where the skin is breached. These infections can further complicate healing, requiring additional medical interventions, and can also lead to systemic issues if not managed properly.

While fatigue, chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of muscle mass are indeed associated with fractures, they are not direct complications of untreated fractures. Fatigue and lethargy might be symptoms stemming from pain or immobility rather than complications of the fracture itself. Chronic pain and stiffness can occur after healing but do not represent the acute consequences of untreated fractures. Loss of muscle mass typically